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(2021) Transcriptional progression during meiotic prophase I reveals sex-specific features and X chromosome dynamics in human fetal female germline. Our study fills an important gap regarding the events that take place during human female meiotic progression and highlights biomarkers that may prove important to develop infertility-associated disease models in vitro.Ĭitation: Fan X, Moustakas I, Torrens-Juaneda V, Lei Q, Hamer G, Louwe LA, et al. To further uncover sex-specific and conserved features, we have also compared female to male germ cells during meiotic prophase I. Interestingly, we observed that many genes differentially expressed during different female meiotic prophase I stages are related to male fertility. Here, we have analysed single-cell RNA sequencing data of human germ cells and identified the molecular signatures associated with progression through the different stages of the female meiotic prophase I. However, sequencing technologies are providing essential knowledge of this process. We have limited understanding of the events that take place during human female meiotic prophase I, as it largely takes place during development. These defects will result in either infertility or genetic diseases in the offspring, with significant consequences for the quality of life. Meiosis is a specialized and strictly-regulated cellular process and any genetic defects that emerge during meiotic prophase I may lead to the defective development of the gametes. Our study of the events that take place during meiotic prophase I provide a better understanding not only of female meiosis during development, but also highlights biomarkers that can be used to study infertility and offers insights in germline sex dimorphism in humans.
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Analysis of X-linked expression between sexes during meiotic prophase I suggested a transient X-linked enrichment during female pachytene, that contrasts with the meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in males. We identified not only key players involved in the process of meiosis, but also highlighted the molecular components that could be responsible for changes in cellular morphology that occur during this developmental period, when the female FGC acquire their typical (sex-specific) oocyte shape as well as sex-differences in the regulation of DNA methylation.
![prophase i of meiosis prophase i of meiosis](https://d20khd7ddkh5ls.cloudfront.net/stages_of_meiosis_ii.png)
We have compared those between male and female germ cells in similar stages of meiotic prophase I and revealed conserved and specific features between sexes. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomics data from human fetal germ cells (FGC) allowed us to identify the molecular signatures of female meiotic prophase I stages leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene. Therefore, it remains unclear how the different stages of meiotic prophase I between human oogenesis and spermatogenesis compare. Hence, the knowledge regarding progression through meiotic prophase I is mainly focused on human male spermatogenesis and female oocyte maturation during adulthood. In contrast to males, meiotic prophase I in females initiates during development. The timing and length of meiosis to produce female and male gametes differ considerably.
![prophase i of meiosis prophase i of meiosis](https://media.sciencephoto.com/image/c0243669/800wm/C0243669-Mitosis,_light_micrograph.jpg)
During gametogenesis in mammals, meiosis ensures the production of haploid gametes.